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Not so long ago, drawing became the new painting. From small-scale and intimate to wall-sized, highly-worked or resolutely low-fi; whatever its format, the re-appearance of a once side-lined medium marked a dramatic shift in its fortunes and indeed, assumptions about art in general.

But why the change? Was it that, in an art scene increasingly driven by fads, drawing became du jour simply because it hadn't been for a very long time? Or were other, less obvious factors at work?

In fact, the re-emergence of drawing was far from market-driven, and its increase in profile a far slower process than any newly voguish status might suggest.

To understand something of its current impact, it's necessary to look back at the closing years of the 20th century. A time when, to the eyes of many, the art scene looked very different indeed.

Throughout much of the 1990s visual austerity and a certain restraint governed the work of a new wave of artists; many of them British, many high-profile.

Figures such as Darren Almond, Damien Hirst, Martin Creed, Rachel Whiteread and a re-discovered Allan McCollum typified an art scene driven by hands-off, conceptual practice and stringent theoretical undertow.

Even artists whose work, by contrast, seemed more ludic and theatrical - Maurizio Catellan, the Chapman brothers, an ever-enduring Jeff Koons - shared a taste for slick, expensive, mechanized output. And in fact, looking back, there's a certain synchronistic poetry to the fact that Marc Quinn's 'Self' portrait, a principal icon of the era, quite literally froze the blood.

Further tendencies underpinned the general sense of pristine, chilly surface. Graphic design in the late 90s exulted in the hard edges of its newly perfect digital genesis, while on a popular level, serious flirtation with 'minimalism' induced homeowners to replace comfort with pristine surface and spacious void.

Clearly, any attempt to rapidly define a moment in art history is doomed to over-simplification. A vast array of artists stand in lush counterpoint to Hirst's surgically steely cabinets or Whiteread's pale, negative spaces. The work of Peter Doig, Marlene Dumas, Daniel Richter and Jörg Immendorf - to name just a few - all manifest an obvious delight in exuberant mark-making or absorbed, painterly gesture.

Yet it's certainly true that what generally made the headlines - the dissected sheep, the on/off lights, the unmade beds - were essentially 'conceptual' works that side-lined direct artistic intervention. And it's also true that, with the internet truly coming of age in the '90s, such highly publicized aesthetics became instantly and widely accessible for the first time in any history. In the mass public eye, art had gained a hard, new edge.

Yet elsewhere, a wildly contrasting vision was being far less well documented. On America's West Coast, in particular, the long-gestating seeds of a brimming alternative scene were beginning to bear considerable fruit. Its influences were multiple and diverse, yet shared the fact that all lay well outside the contemporary mainstream.

In LA, for example, the 'underground' drawings of Ray Pettibon - linked initially to the rock scene then distributed through short-run zines - had garnered fervent admirers throughout the late '70s & '80s. A major exhibition in 1992 succeeded in raising his profile both throughout the States and abroad.

Yet Pettibon's work was merely the best-known facet of a burgeoning counter-culture. One which, since 1986, had found a major advocate in the now legendary La Luz De Jesus gallery in downtown LA.

This space, located incongruously above an offbeat gift store, focused entirely on artists whose backgrounds and influences sprang from an array of popular cultures such as illustration, folk art, comics and tattooing. And this output, crucially, tended towards an intricate figurative craftsmanship more closely associated at the time with illustration than so-called 'fine' art.

The gallery and its stable of artists proved a speedy and influential local success, and in 1994, Juxtapoz, a magazine founded by Robert Williams (himself an artist and friend of famed underground artist Robert Crumb) also began to showcase this growing wave of alternative art.

Utterly at odds with the rarefied, theory-led aesthetic dominating contemporary practice at the time, this new sensibility came to be regarded as a movement. Its roots and position were defined by not just one label, but two: Low-Brow, or Pop Surrealism.

Resolutely populist - bordering, even, on kitsch - its appropriation of popular style and content within a fine art context questioned long-held assumptions regarding the parameters of art itself. Revisiting the earliest tenets of Pop Art, it nevertheless totally dismissed that movement's later associations with Warholian mass production.

And in San Francisco, too, similar trends were at work.

In the 1990s a group of artists including Chris Johansen, Clare E Rojas and Barry McGee emerged to form a distinctive new scene. Their work, though sharing much with the Low-Brow phenomenon, differed in several important respects and became known as the 'Mission School' in recognition of its essentially San Franciscan flavor.

Local influences contributed to a more whimsical, looser approach to image-making than LA tendencies at the time. Street art such as graffiti formed an intrinsic part of the scene, but was generally refined into a figurative rather than textual medium. The legacy of underground comics pioneered by the likes of Robert Crumb was also evident in cartoon-like characterization and a witty, humorous edge.

More importantly still, while painting lay at the heart of the Low-Brow movement, drawing was much more widely adopted by the Mission School artists.

In a nod to the hand-drawn agitprop and pyschedelia of '60s Haight-Ashbury, they revived techniques such as detailed patterning, hand-lettering and découpage. Materials, too, were frequently unconventional; ball-point pens, markers, recycled paper, wood or metal all found a part in the Mission School look.

This 'regional' distinction was clearly underlined in publicity for a 2000 show at LA's New Image Gallery:

SAN FRANCISCO DRAWING SHOW curated by: Alicia McCarthy and Chris Johanson. May 19 - June 17, 2000.

Straight out of San Francisco, drawings of over 15 artists will be exhibited .... Currently there are important artistic trends developing out of San Francisco. Drawing is at the root of this development.


Meanwhile, however, America's East Coast found itself forced (for once) to gradually acknowledge a nexus of creativity occurring elsewhere. While many commentators, curators and gallerists became increasingly aware that some kind of real cultural shift was taking place, others seemed slow or simply unwilling to recognize its impact or legitimacy.

Yet the growing appeal of Low-Brow and related work - especially amongst a generation of new and emerging artists - was undeniable. New galleries opened to deal exclusively in the genre, and Juxtapoz, along with many of its featured artists, began to acquire a cult following. Its international distribution and the broad reach of the internet helped ensure that this new sensibility filtered beyond the US.

The 'unofficial' Californian scene gathering pace in the '90s was intrinsically linked to a rejection of prevailing artistic practice - the notion, as Fred Tomaselli later put it, "...that people are a bit tired of the over-rationalism (sic) of the art world, this idea that you can get to everything through the cerebral."

Yet its ethos was otherwise hugely democratic and unifying, a statement of validity for neglected or side-lined art. There can be little doubt that its emergence provided an impetus behind the current interest in drawing.

But this interest - and with it, the resurgence of a particular kind of artistic engagement - was not, of course, solely confined to America's West Coast.

Elsewhere in the States, Laylah Ali's first major show of meticulously patterned, faux-naif works took place at Chicago's MOCA in 1999 (she had been featured, along with Chris Johansen, at New York's Drawing Center in the summer of 1998).

Julie Mehretu, likewise emerging towards the end of the '90s, fused painting with drawing in a myriad of complex mark-making, while Canada's Royal Art Lodge, formed in 1996, produced whimsical drawings, paintings and objects reminiscent of the Mission School's output.

In Europe, similar trends were also underway. As the 20th century drew to its close, Sweden's Jockum Nordstrüm was gaining recognition for his beautifully rendered, twisted tableaux of far from ordinary life. Switzerland's Marc Bauer produced vigorous drawings that exemplified the medium's strength, and in Britain the hand-drawn zine was adopted by Olivia Plender, albeit in a highly polished form.

While drawing, obviously, had never disappeared entirely from the gallery, these artists represent just a few of those contributing to its rapidly growing visibility towards the end of the '90s. A resurgence now so evident that, though prompted by certain definable factors, it nevertheless seems organic, almost essential; a phenomenon that quite possibly identifies as well as answers very current needs amongst today's young artists.

And what are they?

Well to start with, drawing is cheap. For those struggling with the high costs of studio space and materials, it's a medium that's financially viable as well as a manageable means of production.

What's more, it's hugely inclusive. Everyone, at some point, has experienced the act of drawing at some level, a participation which affords even the most casual observer a sense of involvement in the medium; a visceral engagement in its use that conceptual art forms often lack.

Yet despite this refreshingly egalitarian glow, it also appears that much of today's output seems directed towards highly individual, even arcane expression, a practice exemplified by intricate, almost obsessive mark-making.

On the one hand, this wholly supports an ethos by which today's artists seem to demand an intimate, personal and evident engagement with their art.

Painstaking detail and labor-intensive mark-making represent artistic endeavor for which the artist alone is responsible. No third-party construction teams, no assistants on hand to dab a brush as directed. This art is about making in the purest possible sense.

A parallel explosion in use of craft elements - beading, glittering, collage, embroidery - as well as the growing popularity of zines and artists' books - mirrors this quest for hands-on, highly personalized involvement.

Yet more intriguingly, demands for creative ownership may well serve needs besides a revision of artistic involvement.

Art, of course, has always been about reflecting and interpreting the world, but the early 21st century seems to have experienced a particularly profound re-appraisal of exactly what the world involves. The outlook is an uneasy one, marked by a growing sense of schism and dislocation, and in particular, the notion of circumstance veering out of control.

To return briefly to Pop Surrealism, true to its 'surrealist' label the movement is marked by subversion of apparent reality. Typically, this takes on disturbing, anxiety-ridden form; bio-morphed figures inhabit scenarios laden with threat; an undertow of violence is darkly enhanced by imagery plucked from childhood.

And importantly, unlike Surrealism, which investigates the interior spaces of the human psyche, Pop Surrealism obliquely focuses on physical, actual realities. Those genetic hybrids, ruined landscapes and constant simmer of threat don't merely exist in our nightmares. They're with us now.

The movement itself may have had its day as far as the art market is concerned, but the zeitgeist it portrays is clearly here to stay.

Consider, for a moment, Jean Dubuffet's famous description of L'Art Brut

"Those works created from solitude and from pure and authentic creative impulses - where the worries of competition, acclaim and social promotion do not interfere - are, because of these very facts, more precious than the productions of professions. ... we cannot avoid the feeling that in relation to these works, cultural art in its entirety appears to be the game of a futile society, a fallacious parade."

Though written in the 1950s, the proclamation reads now like a perfect manifesto for the kind of anti-establishment art scene we've been discussing. Yet quite apart from epitomizing a 'purer' alternative to the mainstream, the kind of art Dubuffet describes now carries connotations far beyond those of his original assessment.

The 'simplicity' of naïve or folk art harks back - in popular nostalgia at least - to carefree, less complex times in which a sense of place and purpose were clearly defined. It's little wonder that its revival coincides with acute apprehension regarding our own, turbulent times.

By contrast, much outsider art is clearly associated with not belonging - a characteristic most evident in its embrace of art produced by the mentally ill.

Yet here again there's a definite connection. Such work often originates through its use as a therapeutic tool; a fact that throws interesting light on the intricate, involved delineation of much recent drawing and painting. Indeed, in its conspicuous efforts to order, pattern and negotiate space, such complexity provides almost casebook examples of conflict-solving Gestalt.

More interestingly still, a significant proportion of contemporary practice doesn't just seek to interpret complex realities, but actually sets out to create them through construction of highly personal, alternative worlds.

Paul Noble's well-known drawings of fictional 'Nobson Newtown' are devoid of human figures, yet imbued with visual invention and idiosyncratic textual comment. A clear intention is to provide a reflection of the mind of their maker: as Noble himself puts it, "town planning as self-portraiture".

Other artists' fictional worlds provide similar arenas for grappling with issues that echo or parallel our own.

Michael Whittle, a recent graduate from the Royal College of Art, creates intricate drawings melding religious iconography with motifs garnered from heraldry, alchemy and science. The resulting images, snapshots of impossible states, underpin the artist's own desire to "make sense of reality" while also investigating "... man's attempts to come to terms with existence".

Camille Rose Garcia (whose practice, though largely identified with painting, includes much drawing) is well known for deceptively enchanting visions of what amounts to a near-dystopia. A recurring cast of characters battle to save or destroy a poisoned, dying world. The baddies, unfortunately, seem to be winning.

Art today appears to be grappling with a spiritual, political and therapeutic function that arguably, it hasn't reflected quite so clearly for centuries. And the fact that drawing, the most immediate and spontaneous of mediums, forms a vital aspect of the interpretation of a complex world should come as no surprise.

Postscript: Drawing right now - who we're liking

The energy of the California scene continues apace, with San Francisco still arguably the epicentre of new drawing - check out the wonderful work of Sara Thustra, Sacha Eckes, Andrew Schoultz and Simone Shubuck (a San Francisco native, though now resident in New York).

LA practice remains particularly diverse, but artists who make exciting use of drawing include Travis Millard, Adam Janes and Gina Triplett.

Elsewhere in the States, we enjoy the work of Carter, Aurel Schmidt and UK-born Dominic McGill (best known for his epic, 65ft 'Project for a New American Century').

In Europe, Richard Höglund produces interesting drawings informed by semiotics, and in the UK, artists of note include Sarah Woodfine and Adam Dant (the latter have both been recipients of the Jerwood Drawing Prize.

Most exciting of all, newcomer Laura Oldfield Ford creates large-scale, beautifully rendered drawings with astute political commentary at their core, as well as the cult zine 'Savage Messiah, an extraordinary foray into the psycho-geographic terrain of London.

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If you want to learn how to oil paint and not sure how to begin, then the following article will prove to be quite helpful in your pursuit to become a good painter.

Before you read on, you will have to try and forget everything you ever learned about oil painting and look at your painting from a new perspective. A recent art class I attended, taught by a master painter, has completely changed the way I approach oil painting and has opened up many new creative doors for me. I hope it will do the same for you.

START WITH A CONCEPT

Up until just recently, I was a very frustrated oil painter. I have 10 or so incomplete paintings collecting dust in the corner of my small studio. I would attempt to complete these 10 or so paintings over and over again, until finally I had to take a step back and try and understand what I was doing wrong.

The reason I lost interest and was unable to complete these paintings, was because I did not have a concept in mind before I started. I would start haphazardly painting without a clear vision of what I really wanted to accomplish with my oil painting.

Concepts are methods for solving problems in a painting. I bet you never saw painting as being a series of problems. Neither did I , but this way of thinking really does make learning how to oil paint more interesting.

What do you want your painting to be about?

Instead of thinking: “My painting is about trees in a field”, start thinking in terms of , “My painting is about the light that falls on the trees in a field”.

When you have a blueprint or roadmap in mind before you start painting, there is no room for diversion. You must stick to your plan.

MASTER YOUR BRUSH

A very important aspect of oil painting is learning how to control your brush. Without good brush control and technique, your effectiveness as a painter is truly limited.

Make sure you have the best possible brushes you can afford. While it is possible to save money on paint and canvas, one should never work with cheap brushes. In my experience, cheaper brushes are simply not worth it. The biggest issue with cheap brushes is with the hairs falling off and becoming embedded in your painting. It is quite annoying.

One of the biggest mistakes artists make, myself included, is not reloading the paint brush enough. I am not sure if this is an act of laziness or fear of wasting paint. Whatever the reason may be, make sure you always have enough paint on your brush so that there is always a layer of paint between your brush and the canvas. Do not try and scrub the paint into the canvas. Paint your strokes and leave them be. Don’t over work your brushstrokes.

MASSING

One great way to get the main ideas of an oil painting down is with a technique called Massing. Massing is about seeing your subject as a whole and not concentrating on all of the fine details.

For instance, lets say you subject is a pineapple. Instead of trying to get down all the various textures and details on your pineapple, think in terms of “planes” of light and shadow.

Add in those planes first and then later on you can put in all of your finer details.

COLOR

Nothing in my opinion, can confuse a painter more, then working with color. I know one of my weaknesses in the beginning was working with too many colors in the same painting which resulted in a muddy nightmare.

I never really took the time to understand how colors interact with one another.

Here are some great tips to keep in mind while working with color in your paintings:

- If you add white to another color, it will make that color cooler and more opaque.

- Instead of adding white to a color to make it brighter, try adding more color instead.

- Don’t be afraid to use black. Many teachers recommend staying away from black, but I beg to differ. Did you know you can get some very nice greens by mixing ivory black with certain blues and yellows?

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Eugene boudin, the famous marine painter was born in the year 1824 on July 12. Eugene was one of the famous French landscape maritime painter who comes up with more paints related to outdoors. The great expert was born in seafaring family and almost his every painting was related to sea and sky. Though he was described as the painter of beaches, the beach in its painting occupies full of canvas and it appears to be large, luminous sky that dominates in the work.

Boudin was a large self skilled marine artist who likes the members of Barbizon school where he worked sometime with the nature. Majority of his drawings looks to be small scene of contemporary beach resorts in northern France. He was the famous French impressionist painter where he took for the first impressionist exhibit in the year 1874. People use to enjoy the marine art of Eugene boudin and he was the one who use to exhibit the specialty of marine.

He opened a frame shop in Le Havre and was encouraged to take up the paintings by the painter jean François millet. He studied at louvre and established contact with Barbizon painter. He visited Paris and met young Claude Monet and introduced himself to be outdoor painter where they two worked together in the late 1860. He was skilled amazing excellence of marine paintings and charming portraits. Boudin was figured to be 19th century marine artist who spend most of his time on coast paintings, beach scenes and seascapes. Generally, the maritime paintings of Eugene will be based upon the open air starting from the sea and ends on the shore.

The work of boudin looks to be light tender in quality, colors seems to be attractive and flourishing and sparkled portrayal of nature and its atmosphere. His favorite subject will mostly relate to charming dressed ladies and gentlemen of bourgeoisie walking along the beach side. He started his life time career as famous marine artist where he was encouraged by the famous painter. He was inspired from the motivation, encouragement and artistic work of the painter when he was working in the framing business. Eugene boudin wide collections of marine arts will be available in the nautical antiques to facilitate the visitors or general people. The painting of Eugene comes to the end in the year august 8, 1898.

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“Asians have long valued education and literacy and have lived in societies led by a scholar class” (Paul Thomas Welty, 1984).

A main part of the education in Asia, throughout the history, has been copying of scripts, repeating lessons. It still is. Most students do not learn to be proactive or creative. Obeying and respecting the tutor is more important than anything, and standing out is not acceptable. As a result, people with skills as problem solving or decision making are hard to find. But on the other hand the country is full with great employees that are obedient and do not question things.

Where these cultural issues are best noticed, is in the fact that copying is a skill in Thailand. Or better said: copying is an art. There has never been invented anything of real importance in Thailand. There is speculation that rice cultivation was "invented" in Thailand, although it is impossible to be 100% sure of such a claim. Most likely, even that was a copy… The tuk-tuk was invented in Thailand, but that is only a motorized rickshaw, one part copied from India and the other part western.

However, the copying skills are exploited without limit. Anywhere in Thailand, you can buy cheap DVD’s, CD’s, games, brand name clothes, bags, musical instruments, watches, etc. And most amazing, some of the copies are better than the original. Because they do not pay any ridiculous high royalties, they can actually spend a little more on quality of goods. Live’s jeans last for years. A Yahama guitar has excellent sound, and even a two-dollar Relox watch has been working and waterproof for over five years. No guarantees of course.

All very nice, but not really of any interest to the rest of the world that is more focused on products with planned obsolescence than creating quality goods. Also, there is no way to get the copied products to the few individuals that would be interested, because of all these regulations. You simply can’t export these items.

What is of interest is the extreme high quality of reproduction in arts. Reproducing famous paintings of dead artists isn’t illegal, but still quite costly, because it takes many hours, or days, to make. In Thailand, however, costs of living are still low, compared to Western countries. Combine this with the generations of training in copying, and you will get art of high quality for low prices.

Very popular still, is drawing of portraits. Everybody still loves portraits. And the more we turn to digital cameras, the fewer pictures actually get printed, and the more we appreciate the handwork of a portrait drawn with charcoal. Charcoal portraits are ideal as gifts too. The subject does not need to sit for the portrait, because it can be drawn from a photo. A portrait is a perfect gift if it is drawn well to satisfy the receiver, but also priced low enough to satisfy the giver. This is where Thai copying skills becomes an art.

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You wedding day is one of the most important milestones of your life! You spend a fortune on flowers, stationary, place cards, a gorgeous wedding dress, a make up artist and so much more. Your personality, your style, who you are goes into those details.. maybe you like elegance or maybe you like dots and stripes and lopsided cakes. Whatever, and whoever you like there is a wedding photographer out there for you. There are photographers who shoot in different styles that would do a more adequate job capturing your day the way your envision.

The most popular styles of wedding photography in today's market are...

1. Photojournalism
Photojournalism is the art of capturing moments unobtrusively. Normally you barely know that the photographer is there. He/She normally covers weddings with large telephoto lenses (although not always) and tries not to get in the way of the story as it unfolds. They normally don't like shooting posed family photographs or posed bride and groom photographs preferring to capture moments as they really happen. This style of photography takes mastering. The photographer needs to know their equipment extremely well and it basically needs to be an extension of their body. If you are going to hire a photojournalist make sure that they person has many years of experience as it is a difficult and artistic method of photography.

2. Illustrative
This photography is usually a creative person who loves design and elements of color and texture. This person will pose in new and different ways, maybe laying the bride on the floor or shooting from strange angles. The photography will set up fun posed shots and instead of just posing and shooting they will have the subjects interact together to capture spontaneous moments. This style of photography brings more of the photographer into the photography. This photographer's artistic vision and use of lighting, design elements and texture is more artistic. They do not just wait for things to happen and capture them. They will often makes things happen.

3. Traditional
Although traditional photography still has it's place in the modern photography world it is being pushed aside by more illustrative and photojournilistic styles of shooting. You see more traditional photographers that are older and have been in the industry a long time and have not changed their ways or you will see it in the lower end beginners as it is any easy style of shooting that does not take much creative input. Tradition style photography is posed and can follow a photography list. It is stiffer in it's style and does not allow for mush spontaneity. This is sadly a dying breed. Although most photojournalists and Illustrative photographers still do some posed photography especially during the posed family shots with the bride and groom. So it still has its place.

The best photographer is a photographer that has the ability to shoot photojournilistic and can capture most of the day as quickly and masterfully as a true photojournalist but that will still give you the fun artsy look of an illustrative photographer. Someone that will prompt some fun stuff and still be able to do posed family shots for mom.

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 Born and raised in Glasgow, Christopher Kane is the latest Scot to be taking the fashion world by storm. After studying at the Scottish College of Textile Design Kane went on to win the Lancôme 2005 Colour Award and the Harrods Design Award, he was subsequently snapped up by a certain Donatella Versace to designer for the Versace Atelier range. In 2006, Kane set up shop with sister Tammy and began producing his own collection. His first show in September 2006 was met with great applaud; his neon peppered bandaged dresses becoming a key influence in the Spring Summer body-con look. The eagerly anticipated second collection did not disappoint- showing sumptuous velvet mini-dresses matched with structured leather and the entire collection glittered with large crystal pendants. His latest offering shows a collection inspired by his eighties childhood- bleached denim, with daring rips and tears paired with snake print chiffon, and again glittering with crystals.

No doubt anyone that can pair bleached denim and snake print chiffon, and turn it into a work of art is a genius. Christopher Kane has not only established this fact through his celebrated collections and his collaborations with huge labels such as Swarovski and Manolo Blahnik, he has established it through the influence his young career has had upon high street fashion.

Most recently Christopher Kane was nominated for the Best Scottish Designer award at the Scottish Fashion Awards.

Not bad for a wee lad from Glasgow...

Not everyone can afford Christopher Kane clothing, but you can look to the high street to get some inspiration and keep up to date with all the fashion news online.

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Paper-cut main cutting tools are simple: paper and scissors or an engraving knife, but clever and deft craftspeople are remarkably good at cutting in the theme of daily life. When you look at items made in this method carefully, you will be amazed by the true to life expressions of the figure's sentiment and appearance, or portrayal of natural plants and animals' diverse gestures. Patterns of chrysanthemum display the curling petals, pied magpies show their There tiny feathers .

  It is easy to learn about cutting a piece of paper but very difficult to master it with perfection. One must grasp the knife in an upright fashion and press evenly on the paper with some strength. Flexibility is required but any hesitation or wiggling will lead to imprecision or damage the whole image. Engravers stress the cutting lines in several styles and there are four ideal but basic lines that that they endeavor to master. They attempt to carve a circle like the moon, a straight line like a stem of wheat, a square like a brick, and jaggedly like the beard.

  People find hope and comfort in expressing wishes with paper cuttings. For example: for a wedding ceremony, red paper cuttings are a traditional and required decoration on the tea set, the dressing table glass, and on other furniture. A big red paper character 'Xi' (happiness) is a traditional must on the newlywed's door. Upon the birthday party of a senior, the character 'Shou' represents longevity and will add delight to the whole celebration; while a pattern of plump children cuddling fish signifies that every year they will be abundant in wealth.

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Saatchi gallery’s main objective is to encourage the species of artist and fresh art. It is a horizon where artists and audience from different cultures and background interlace to exchange views and opinions pertaining to arts. To bring art lovers closer and involve in real-time conversation, Saatchi gallery launches the chat live programme. The features of this instant messaging are to bring the art lovers to a platform where they can discuss in a liberal manner the essential and trivial topics of art. Chat live helps art aficionados to exchange their ideas, knowledge and promote artists and their works. To derive this benefit you are requested to sign up following an easy going registration process. Chat live is a productive idea, for both artists and art lovers, because they can sell their work of art and also purchasing becomes easier. It also does good to work on collaborative purpose, expose new work of art to the world and motivate young artist to preserve the culture.

Live chat is a viable facility that let a person interact to another individual sitting offshore. It is also a vital tool to gain feedback from the audience that might enrich the artist knowledge or vice versa. This unique service is open even for galleries, press and museums. For more information just visit the website of Saatchi gallery. Chat live is a strong tool to keep well informed about the contemporary trends, ideas, of local and worldwide artists. This online instant messaging is a priceless mechanism to kindle the meaning of art among people and keep alive the spirit forever.

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People often refer to “the classic rules of photography”: “This photo follows the classic rules...” or “he/she broke all the classic rules...” etc. But what are those “classic rules” anyway? I gave it some thought and came up with the following five rules, all longstanding and time-honoured, like you would expect when something is called classic. But nothing is set in cement and rules such as these have been violated with superb results over and over again. But they are also there for a reason, since they probably represent something that most people mostly find pleasing most of the times. Not everybody all the time. So what are they, these classic rules of photography:

Rule #1 : F/8 And Be There!

This is rule number one and it has little to do with your camera and technical proficiency, as is the case with the other four rules. Read this rule again, breath it and live it. As simple as it sounds, it is the most important of all rules in photography.

The part about f/8 refers to a camera setting, or rather a lens aperture setting. It’s a technical detail and it’s not really important. But at the same time it’s what makes this rule so memorable.

It’s not a bad advice using f/8, it’s a pretty standard value and often safe to use if you want to be sure to get your subject in focus without giving it much thought.

But it’s true value is that it boils all the complicated art and tech issues down to that simple 1-letter-1-number statement, f/8 (simply read f eight), the hidden message being: Forget the technical aspects, concentrate on the subject. Simple and brilliant.

In my experience it’s mostly used in the context of spot news photography, where it’s certainly important to be on the spot when something happens. But I wouldn’t forget about it in the context of normal peoples lives, peaceful landscape photos and even photos for the family album. Whatever photo you want to capture, you have to be there first. You have to get up and go out, walk that extra mile, lose that hour of sleep, do whatever it takes for you to get there with your camera.

A talented, but lazy photographer is not necessarily as successful as a very active, less talented one. Because you have to be there.

Rule #2 : The Decisive Moment

A term coined by photography legend Henri Cartier-Bresson. Sort of a time-version of rule number 1. Together we could call these two rules: “Being in the right place at the right time”.

But there’s more to this rule than just being there at the right time. You have to press the shutter button at exactly the decisive moment, when all the elements of the photo (perhaps including the photographer himself) suddenly come together in a fraction of a second. A blink of an eye and it’s gone again. The man jumping over the puddle has touched down again, the guy in the background has turned his head away from the kissing couple and the dying soldier has fallen flat to the ground.

It happens so fast that it’s hard for us to see and react to before it’s over. But that is one of the big charms of photography. It can capture these fleeing moments and make them last forever -- on print. For Cartier-Bresson it was an intuitive thing. “Think before and after you take a photograph, not while you are doing it.”

Sports photography arguably has a lot of decisive moments, but in my book they don’t really count, since it’s just a game and not truly a slice of reality. I know Cartier-Bresson in his book set off with quoting someone “there’s nothing in the world that doesn’t have a decisive moment”, but I don’t want to get into the discussion here. Many people who are more sports enthusiastic than me would probably disagree with me, but I do think that there’s more real decisive moments to be had on the stadium seating than on the pitch.

Rule #3 : Go Close

-- And when you’ve done that, go even closer! Coined by another photography legend, Robert Capa, who died following this rule, camera in his hand, as he stepped on a landmine in the French-Indochinese war. But not all situations of course are life-and-death situations. So use it whenever you reasonably can, and your photos will in many cases have a stronger appeal and give a more intimate connection between the subject and the viewer.

Again, it’s not just for spot news photography. If you are portraying normal life, it is equally important to get close to people. Get into their homes and into their private lives where they are themselves. Do it in a way that isn’t prying and offensive. It will give you an honest and intimate view of life.

This rule usually implies using a wide-angle lens, which tends to give a more “open” perspective. Much good can also be said about the long tele-photo lenses as well, and they have their place. Especially in fields like wildlife and sports photography, where it is often impossible to be up close to the action.

Rule #4 : The Rule Of Thirds

This is one of these rules that are great to follow and equally great to break. But photography would be a lesser thing without it. Briefly stated, it tells you to place you main subject, not in the center of the frame, but a little to the left or right side, a third into the frame. And also to place any dominating horizontal lines in your photo, like for instance the horizon, a third into the frame from the top or bottom. Just not in the center.

This will arguably give your photo a more appealing look, pleasing to the eye by leaving a significant space on one side of the subject for the surroundings. The rule, also known as the divine proportion and the golden mean, have been used by painters for thousands of years. Having survived that long, there’s got to be something about it!

Rule #5 : Use The Light

The magic hours, the hour around sunrise and the hour around sunset have a particular pleasing, soft light that works particular well for landscape and outdoor photography. It’s always the light that creates the photograph. For indoor and portrait photography, use a barn door or, if you don’t live on a farm, a big window without direct sunlight will also do. Place your subject close to the window and you will get a nice, soft light from different angles falling onto your subject. You can get the whole studio lighting set-up as well if you prefer not to rely on the constantly changing natural light.

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It's Mother's day today in my country. I have been working in my studio listening to Joni Mitchell singing "Clouds" from one of her more recent recordings. Her voice is mellow, smoky, plaintive, a little melancholy. What a great song and a fitting tribute to mothers, perhaps. At least that is what I feel today - a lot older but not much wiser. The line, "I really don't know life at all" rings true. It is a puzzle, a mystery.
My painting began as a collage last week in a workshop- I sprinkled beauganvilla blossoms over a board and glued them on over embossed toilet paper, lavender sprigs and some magazine images of flowers.
During class I painted a nude over the collage but I wasn't happy with it and took it home to work on it in my studio. I threw some paint around and tried a wash of walnut wood-stain. I began to get excited at this point because it was looking more "together" and unified, although I still couldn't find any images. I left it for a day or so and then looked again.
Now I could see some patterns emerging - a miniature landscape in the foreground and the figure of a woman. Then a strange mask-like face appeared and I worked with these for a while, drawing into the paint with a sharp ink pen. Then I uploaded it onto my computer and photoshopped it for a while. This is the result - a work in progress. What do you think?

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So you have decided to start scrapbooking.  This is such an exciting time!  You have done the research, watched some of our tutorials, gone out and purchased everything you think you could possibly need and are now ready to get started on that first project.  The problem is there is no room left to actually do the work because your supplies are everywhere!  A good idea for scrapbooking is getting organized.

To make sure you have enough room for you, the most important one, you need to take extra steps to get your stuff organized.  In the long run, it will save you time, leaving you free to work, get inspired, be creative and of course, do more shopping.

The first thing you will need is storage containers to put all of your scrapbooking supplies in.  You can find all kinds of different containers at your local scrapbooking store, craft store, and sewing store.  Make sure to check out your local hardware store as well.  You can find great containers in the tool box section and even in the fishing/tackle box area. 

Another source for great containers is your own home.  Jars of all sizes come in handy as do small boxes, bowls and even baby bottles.  You can also use old jewelry boxes, tool boxes, and tackle boxes.  Anything that will help separate bits and pieces and is easy to get into will work so be creative and let us and others know what you have come up with. 

Now that you have that done, next on the list is shelves.  As we already discussed, you will have many different shapes and sizes of containers containing all of your odds and ends for scrapbooking, but if you don’t have shelves to put them on then they will still be all over the place using up your precious work space.  Make sure your shelves are sturdy or you will not be able to put much on them.  As you start out, you may not have very much in the way of supplies but trust me they will be overflowing in no time.

Many of us like to get together at a friend’s house for scrapbooking, and lots of times the local scrapbooking store will have monthly meetings or give how-to classes that you would like to attend.  If you think you would like to take your scrapbooking supplies with you when you leave the house then you will want an easy way to do that.  You do not want to be leaving a trail of your prized materials behind you as you go.  Also remember to take just what you need.  I know that is hard to do sometimes.

Again, check out the scrapbooking stores, craft stores or sewing centers for a large enough bag to hold everything you will want to take.  Get creative with a tackle box or knitting bag.  Try to label everything you take with you, especially your tools, so that they do not get mixed up with anyone else’s. 

One of the best ideas for scrapbooking supplies that we came up with is one of the newer tackle boxes with the soft sides and the plastic divided containers that fit snug inside.  They usually fit 4 or 5 containers and also have pockets on the outside.  We purchased extra containers and just set them up on our shelves at home.  When we want to take our stuff with us, we just grab the ones that you need, put them in the tackle box and away we go.

We cannot say it enough.  The best idea when it comes to scrapbooking is getting organized, and the most important thing to know when it comes to staying organized is to pick a system that works for you and stick with it.  Color, sizes, themes, patterns; it doesn’t matter how.  All that really matters is that it works for you, that it is organized in a way that you can easily find what you are looking for and that it gives you that all important space you need to be your creative self.

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For the past few weeks I have been going to a workshop on the "Nude in Perspective".
This week our task was to use white conte pastel or chalk on a black or dark piece of paper. I used pastels a few years ago and didn't like them much. They left my hands feeling all dry and chalky and I went through a lot of hand cream. So I wasn't really looking forward to the class.
Tanya, the model was lying down on a white sheet facing me with her abundant red hair tumbling over her right arm and her leg crooked beneath her. It was an interesting pose.
I took a deep breath, banished all negative thoughts and studied her intently for about 15 minutes before I began to mark out the paper, using a paintbrush to get a perspective. The angle of the foot presented a challenge, but I kept calm and stayed in the moment.

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Eventually I began, working much slower than I usually do, deliberately stroking the chalk lightly over the surface, getting used to the old familiar scratchy feeling of chalk on paper. I began to relax and enjoy the sensation, taking pleasure in the form and medium, the play of light on the sensuous curve of the navel and the nice straight arm providing the composition with structure. Tanya was lying on a sheet which was the highest key colour. Using only white, I was careful to leave the dark areas on her body completely black, with just a few tiny dots of conte sprinkled around to suggest the form. The high key areas were on her back and shoulder, a little on the curve of her calf and along her arm and I used quite a heavy hand here to emphasise the light areas. I was hardly aware of time passing and it felt like a meditation as I kept my mind clear and concentrated.
We had a short break for tea and then I had just half an hour to finish off.
When I finally stepped back I was quite pleased with what I saw on the paper. Here she is - Tanya in white on black.

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Optimize your photography website with these simple tips.

Optimizing your website for Google can seem like a daunting task, but if you take your time to put your site together and always think of how Google is going to look at your new window to the world, you'll soon be on your way to a high Page Rank. First and foremost, you want to determine what your theme is going to be for your website. Are you going to share with the world all there is on how to take photos of cats? Maybe you want to have broader appeal and include all animals. Just remember, the more focused you are, the better you are able to bring your website to the forefront of the search results. David Hobby and his Strobist.com website is a great example of focusing on one particular aspect of photography, lighting with small portable flash. As of this writing, Hobby now has 200,000 mostly amateur photographers as devoted readers. His site attracts 1.6 million page views a month. His reported income is close to six figures, after only a mere 8 months.

So in thinking about your theme, it should always express the particular niche you have chosen for your website. One example is to have your title description describe your site. An example would be if you live in Cleveland and are promoting stock photography, you might want your title to not only have your website name, but the the following, "Stock photographer in Cleveland, Ohio". Now that's just a simple example, but you get the idea

Next, you have to have unique, relevant content. If you don't have unique content, Google will likely never find it or rank it so low that you'll never get eyeballs to your page. Just ripping content from the pages of others, will probably not be a big help to your ranking either. Admittedly, when first starting out, you'll need to have something on your site or no one will show up. ArticlesBase.com, is a good source for content and it's free to use provided you follow their simple rules. Once you start adding your own content, you can also submit your articles to ArticlesBase.com to generate traffic back to your own site from other sites with similar interests.

Some ideas for adding content:

Create top 10 lists - I.E. The top 10 best celebrity photographers

Tips and Tricks

A Blog

Educate users on a particular aspect of photography, like Photoshop or using a program like Aperture.

Next you want to think about how keywords will be used throughout the article. If you are sharing information on how to shoot fourth of July fireworks, you would want to have keywords relevant to this type of shooting. Don't forget to add a title and a heading (Using the tag) to the page, such as "How to Photograph Firework Displays" This will help Google determine the topic of your article. The Page Title is the most important tag you can use for search ranking. Meta tags used to be the big "Must have" for your page, but people abused this to the point of being less useful for your pages.

When publishing images within your articles, it is extremely important to use alt tags , example (alt="Serengeti Plain") This gives the viewer a description of your image as well as allows your image to come up in image search results on Google. If you're bored, you can play Google's Image Labeler Game. Many gallery programs you use will have the option to add a description to your image, along with the name. Make sure you do this along with making the file name relevant to the image. I know I'm really bad about having images on my gallery with a name like DSC_1234. It's easier to start on the right foot, rather than try to change names and descriptions later.

You can also think about adding a forum, which will also be populated with unique content. Just be careful to not populate forums with content from RSS feeds as it really discourages people from participating.

Next you want to have other sites linking into you, but it's not just a matter of having them throw up a link, it's what they say about your links that's important. Here on PiQFire.com, we love to link to others, but we prefer to do it in the context of a story or feature as this helps both sites. Us with content and the others get a link back that has content specific to their site. What others say about your site is really important.

These are basics and hopefully this will give you a starting point on your way to getting your photography noticed on the web. For more info check out the book, "Getting Noticed on Google in Easy Steps"

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Recently, my mother in law came to visit and, like any good residents of the Los Angeles Metropolitan area, we took her to visit the Getty. Having never been to the museum ourselves, we found that there was a lot to learn for us too. Both myself and my mother in law were fascinated with the lighting structure in the top floor galleries of all the Getty buildings. The Getty uses the best kind or solar lights: the kind that comes right from the sun! The ceilings of the Getty museum have special light fixtures with mirrors in them that direct the sunlight onto the artwork, and adjust throughout the day in order to perfectly light each piece based on the amount of sunlight available.

Although I don’t have nearly the budget that the Getty has, I like for the artwork in my house to be well lit. Usually, I’m a big fan of Pendant Lighting but in terms of lighting artwork with it, pendants are really difficult to focus and aim. For lighting artwork, I prefer to use lamps and light fixtures that can be focused and angled in order to highlight the surfaces of the piece in the exact way that you want, and no other.

With lighting household artwork, there is a thin line between tasteful and crypt keeper. Only the most extreme decorating schemes can pull off official museum lighting plans like contrasting up and down lighting. In the average house, artwork is lit best with understated accent lighting rather than elaborate plans. The focus of a museum is the artwork, but the focus of your home should be you. Don’t stress out if every piece isn’t perfectly lit, your guest are there to visit you, not your art.

There are some great places online to find the kinds of lamps I’ve been writing about in this article as well as the perfect light you need for any other part of your house at http://www.eco-furniture.com. For lamps specifically, http://www.eco-lights.com/lamps.php is a good link, and http://www.eco-lights.com/wall-lighting.php is a great place for wall sconces.

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Today there is a great demand in the entertainment industry. People love watching movies and are keen to watch most new movies. In some ways I think due to the busy schedules everyone has, they are looking for some kind of entertainment at the end of the day and that’s exactly what movies provide them with. Watching a movie is a great way to let out steam after a long day at work. We can just kick our shoes off, jump on to our couches and enjoy a movie. Be it serious movies or comedies. They are always entertaining. Besides being entertaining many movies prove to be educative or informative which again is interesting to watch. It can brighten up a boring week day or provide great entertainment on a relaxing week end. There is no doubt that everybody just loves and appreciates a good movie.

With the increase in the number of viewers of movies or rather the audience, more movies are being produced. Very often, two to three movies are released at the same time. Besides the usual Hollywood movies, the latest thrill in the film industry is the animated movies. Animated movies are believed to be kiddies’ movies, but that is no longer true. Tons of adults are crazy about animated movies. Couples along with their kids flood the movie halls to enjoy animated movies. Another version of movies that are popular is the 3D movies. These movies are increasingly popular. The 3D version makes the people connected with the characters. It also brings more life to the movie. Kids especially enjoy this version. It is a super success among audiences of all ages. Due to the success of both animation and 3D, producers are now combining both versions. They prove to provide more entertainment for the masses. Animation never seizes to thrill its audience and everyone cannot help but admire the 3D format. 3D animation has now become common. It has left the audiences asking for more. Sometimes it is hard to imagine that all of this has been developed over the years. Technology is steadily being rediscovered and so many new technologies are coming into being, one better than the other. Technology doesn’t seem to stand still; it just keeps evolving and evolving. Thanks to evolving technology, we get to watch some really entertaining movies and can enjoy the 3D Animation format.

What is so special about 3D I hear you ask? Well the 3D format definitely brings more life into the movies. It makes it feel more alive. The characters seem alive and with you. Animated movies too are widely popular because they show you something you don’t get to see in real life. Here in animated movies, you see dogs talk, chicken sing, rabbits cry, horses talk and the sun smile. Animation is popular because it really explores different possibilities. It makes you think, what if! It is very interesting. Also it is believed that the animated movies are providing serious competition to movies made with actors. Many actors and actresses fear that they may not have a happy career thanks to the invention of animation. According to them there is hardly any margin for error where animation is concerned. You don’t have bad acting when it comes to animation. In fact the acting in animation is top. All you need is good voices and most animated movies have some of the best Hollywood actors lending them their voices. When it comes to acting by individuals, not many can say they are perfect. In fact acting is tough and all the actors are continuously under scrutiny by the audience, for a movie to be successful acting will play a keen role. If the acting is good, you can be ensured that the audiences will enjoy it even if the story line isn’t that great, on the reverse, if you have a great story line but it isn’t accompanied by brilliant acting, you will find that the audiences won’t be watching your movie. With 3D animation, there is no problem. The acting is always top notch and people enjoy it. 3D animated movies are a sure short success most of the times unless the story line is very poor. But almost every time, animated movies receive good responses from the movie lovers.

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There are so many art exhibitions around that sometimes your own exhibition can get overlooked. When organising your next exhibition use your opening function to create something interesting and innovative. By coming up with an imaginative hook or angle you will be assured of getting more visitors through the door.

The majority of sales happen during the opening function therefore take full advantage of this opportunity to maximise dollars. Entice as many guests as possible to your event to increase your chances of sales by both shear numbers and by creating an illusion of demand.

Increasing visitor numbers can be achieved simply by having a drawcard at your opening function, such as inviting a VIP guest, having an unusual and interesting hook, unveiling a special artwork, or holding a competition.

1. VIP Guests

Everyone wants to meet someone famous. So inviting a VIP guest to your opening function is a sure way to get people to attend also. By association your visitors will automatically view your event as something special and important too -- just like your VIP. If you don’t know anyone well-known ask your friends, family or work colleagues for contacts. Someone is bound to know a sports celebrity, actor, musician or politician.

During the event make your VIP feel important and special. Offer them refreshments, introduce them to other important guests, and mention them warmly during your speech. A few days after the opening function follow up with a letter of appreciation.

2. Interesting Hook or Angle

With a little imagination and creativity you can make your opening function really special by adding an interesting hook or angle. Perhaps you can adopt an unusual hanging method to display the artworks; incorporate an interactive art installation which guests can ‘play’ with; include a multi-media display using video or sound; or hire a live jazz band to create atmosphere and ambience.

Art exhibitions can become very flat and static, so adding an extra dimension can be very beneficial. Not only will you increase visitor numbers, but you guests will see you as an interesting, innovative artist and perceive your artwork as a worthwhile investment.

3. Artwork Unveiling

Turn your opening function into an extra special event by unveiling an extra special project. This will create anticipation and excitement as your guests wait for the presentation to take place. You could unveil a major artwork which you have spent a lot of time on, something you have prepared for a special charity cause, a collaborative project that many artists have participated in, or a memorial piece to acknowledge a worthy event or person.

Create maximum impact and splendour by rigging up a curtain in front of your artwork. Attach lengths of ribbon to the curtain so it can dropped at the precise moment to reveal the master piece to your eager audience.

4. Competition

People love getting something for free so a competition is a sure-fire way of getting people to attend your opening function. Start the competition at the beginning of the evening and finish it at the end. This will encourage your guests to stay longer, which will in turn increase your chances of additional sales.

Be imaginative with the competition question. Consider your exhibition theme, use wit and humour, and incorporate logic and problem solving into your question to really get the conversation going. At the end of the evening get your VIP guest to announce the winner and present the prize.

By using a little imagination and creativity at your art exhibition opening function you can increase visitor numbers, enhance sales, create interest, and generate enough excitement to ensure guests come back again for the next exhibition!

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The Bootmakers Cottage

My uncle Morty left Lauragh, in southern Ireland in 1936, at the age of 19, to experience life in London. Soon after arriving he wrote this poem then became seriously ill with suspected food poisoning spending many months in hospital. Whilst in hospital his brother, my Dad,(Michael) organised to collect his belongings from his temporary lodgings. Morty asked Dad had he seen the poem after his recovery but unfortunately the poem had vanished during the move. Dad then travelled to Australia and one day, found the long lost poem. On returning to Ireland in 1989, after being away for over 40 years he presented Morty with the poem who was delighted to have his cherished poem again! The painting 'The Bootmakers Cottage' was inspired by this poem and my visits to where these two men grew up and learnt their trade as cobblers.The small room to the right of the house is where the two men learn't their trade from their father.

'A Summer Survey of Lauragh'

'Sweet Lauragh glistening in the twilight morn, its' sparkling streams the rising sun adorns ;

Environed by the mountains everywhere, gave to the west, enchanting Kenmare's bay.

Its' mountain paths and fragrant woodland dales, clear lakes and rivers, where the anglers stray;

Wild thickets haunted by the buck and doe, unrivaled beauty everywhere we go.

No busy streets, the visitor finds there, but emerald fields and leafy winding lanes;

secluded glens and distant mountain caves, where eagles built their nests in bygone days.

Wild, narrow, rough, romantic shepherd's ripening golden gorse;

No sleek factitious art could ne'er augment the beauty lavished in those solar glens.



The cooling shades of fan-like trees - 'Deeren'. It's woodland paths, the nature lover's dream;

Wild rhododendrons aglow, amid the mass of blooming flowers along the sylvan paths.

Lush lawns of vivid green and shady bowers, reflected in the winding bay beneath;

And o'er the rustic arch of moorland bridge, the tangled wildwood and the golden fringe.



Meandering rivers gently gliding on, their grassy banks, the wild flowers trail along;

The pleasant scent of hay that is new-mown, and cattle sauntering o'er cream tinted loam.

How countless stalks do tremble, bend and sigh, when cooling zephrys now go whispering by;

And that sweet strain and symphony unchanged, is natures music "Breezes in the grain".



On yonder mountain, winding Healy's pass, with crimson-tinted summit "Croom Cnoc".

Bringing the smiling landscape nearer the eye, and Glenmore's lakes , serene, a rare delight.

The dim discovered peak of mountain 'rioch', with dazzling border in the shimmering heat;

Its' bosom robed in flowers and clustering palms, unfolds a picture of exquisite charm.

And no; at eve one suddenly beholds, those solemn glens profoundly alone;

For now the fast declining sun has gone, to lend enchantment to the vale beyond.

The glimmering landscape fading now from sight, and twilight shadows deepening into night;

When star filled sky and silvery moon unite, to brighten up that peaceful paradise. "
A poem by Morty O'Shea, 1936.

A poem by Morty O'Shea, 1936.

View Painting of the Bootmakers Cottage http://www.seanoshea.com.au

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Captured Moments by the Square Inch
by Diana Avergon

Ever think about the last time you were photographed with your mom, took that “playing ball” picture of your black lab or got a close up shot of your newly reconditioned chrome green 1967 VW Bug? Does a special photo come to mind for its beauty,its content or its emotional impact? Would you like to “live into” this special photo and experience it as something that you love? Try painting it... by the square inch.

Here’s how it goes. Select a photo of which you have fond memories. Lay a clear plastic sheet protector over it and make a grid using a ruler and a permanent marker. How many squares are on your grid? Are there 32 or 36 or 40? Whatever the number is, now you will grid a large (12 x 18 “ or larger) sheet of drawing paper, using a ruler and pencil. Make the same number of squares on your drawing paper as you did on your clear grid. Now you can copy, by the square inch, each little square of the photo, by painting it onto the bigger corresponding square on the gridded paper.

Tape your gridded drawing paper onto a hard surface--cardboard or a drawing board.
Mix or select pre-mixed acrylic paints and keep them covered to keep them moist.

It might be helpful to start with the upper left hand square, and the corresponding square on the grid paper. Paint, on the corresponding square on the paper. what you see in the little square covering your photo. Sometimes it is something recognizable, sometimes not. At times, you might want to paint two or more squares at a time. Whatever you do, try to get in touch with the essence of the captured moment in the photo This is going to slow you way down, get you to investigate each corner, sequence and nuance of the photo. You will come to know each square inch.

Plan to spend a month or more--try to work a little each day. Stand back. How do you feel about your painting, the photo,your experience? Did you capture the moment?

The above project is one of many which appear in Packet for Painters, What’s Your Style?, copyright 2007, NASCO. www.eNasco.com/artsandcrafts

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Black and white photography has it’s own charm. Colours are great, but they can create a disharmony of clashing colours and draw attention away from shapes, textures and compositional elements in your photograph. If these are more important to you than colours, consider converting your picture into black-and-white. In the old days before digital photography, you had to decide before you took the picture weather you’d want to use a colour-film or a black-and-white film. Today, with a few clicks in an image editing program you can turn colour into black and white.

There is several ways of doing this in Photoshop, which this tutorial is based on -- similar effects can be achieved in most other professional image editing programs.

Just click on ‘greyscale’ or alternatively set the colour saturation to zero. Slightly more advanced, use the ‘channel mixer’ and tick the check-box called ‘monochrome’. But the most powerful way of converting your colour photo to black-and-white is a rarely documented method using a combination of ‘colour balance’ and ‘saturation’. Using this method is slightly more complicated, but ever so much more powerful. You have complete control over how your colours are transformed into black and white. Here’s how you do it:

1. First turn on the ‘layer box’ (Windows > Layers).

2. Click on the little ‘adjustment layers’ icon in the bottom and choose ‘colour balance’. Click OK when the dialog window opens.

3. Click ‘adjustment layers’ again, this time choosing ‘hue/saturation’. Immediately, set ‘saturation’ to zero and push OK.

Your image is now black-and-white, but here’s where it gets really neat:

4. Double-click on the adjustment layer you created in step 2, called ‘colour balance’.

You now have the possibility to adjust each of the 3 sliders to the left and right, thereby adjusting the way each of these colours are transformed into black and white! This has the same effect as using a colour filter in front of your lens and can make some colours stand out compared to others. Reddish skin-tones, the blue sky, the green grass and foliage, all these and more can selectively be lightened and darkened in the black-and-white rendition, giving you great control over contrast and texture in your photo -- much more powerful than the other greyscale-options that leave average red, green and blue colours with the same boring grey.

But wait, there’s even more: Notice the 3 small radio buttons in the bottom saying ‘shadows’, ‘midtones’ and ‘highlights’? By default the ‘midtones’ is selected, but selecting one of the other two allows you to only adjust the darkest or lightest tones respectively. A good use for this is when you wish to bring out some of the details hidden in the dark shadows of your image. Choose ‘shadows’ and make sure the ‘preserve luminosity’ check-box is NOT selected. Then crank up all 3 sliders by the same amount and voilá, your shadow details come to light!

5. When you’re done, select ‘layers > flatten Image’ on the main menu and save the result!

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Pop art started in the USA during the earlier period of the 1960's. But it was already making its presence felt in the late fifties. Pop art was basically an art movement which aimed to replace the abstract mode of artistic expression with messages that are easier to understand. The pioneers of this art movement were Robert Rauschenberg and Jasper Johns. The boom of this art movement or phenomenon mainly happened in New York City. The initiators of Pop art believed that the metaphysical complexities of abstract art are already out of tune as times and people had become different. As its followers believed in the power of easy to recognize images of common items, pop art introduced new objects such as flags, maps and targets or stuffed animals and rubber tires on paintings. Irony, sarcasm, and mockery were the favorite aspects of this art movement. Pop art in many ways was a form of rebellion to the dictates of traditional expressionism. According to pop art, confining ourselves to the old rules of the arts can make us stagnant as they fit only with the old era.

Some of the known advocates of this new artistic movement were Claes Oldenburg, James Rosenquist Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein. They shocked the painting world with their works that courageously introduced pop culture symbols such as comic strips, advertisements, and media images. Pop art was not just a far cry from the traditional rules on visual expression. It was in itself a slap in the face to the dictates of abstract painting style. Because the public could easily relate to its features, pop art gained the appreciation and support of many art critic groups. But in spite of that traditional abstract expressionism continued to flourish as it is the respected root of classic art. As they say, nothing beats the original. As pop art maintained its mockery activities, it did not reduce the popularity of abstract expressionism.

As abstract expressionism prevailed, pop art also continued to make its presence felt. The rivalry between these two styles resulted in the establishment of two new schools of abstraction: minimalist art and color-field painting. Minimalist art reduced art to its bare elements in reaction to the flamboyance of abstract expressionism. Frequently criticized for being too unapproachable, minimalist art has also been celebrated for its unprecedented immediacy. It attains this immediacy through abstract form, absence of decorative detail, and emphasis on geometry. On the other hand, color-field artists moved toward a more impersonal and austerely intellectual aesthetic. In their works they dealt with what they considered to be the fundamental formal elements of abstract painting. These elements are pure, unmodulated areas of color, flat and two-dimensional space, monumental scale, and the varying shape of the canvas itself.

Pop art and abstract expressionism engaged in a somewhat bitter rivalry in the American sixties. These two artistic styles struggled to get hold of the public's support. While abstract expressionism tried to keep its old tradition and rules, pop art considered its rival an elitist approach that influenced America's consumer society.

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Gallery is defined as a building or a series of rooms devoted to the exhibition and often the sale of work of arts. Among the innumerable art: sculpture, photographs, illustrations, installation art and applied arts are exhibited in art gallery; and painting is commonly displayed medium. It is a way of promoting the unexhibited art and fresh artist. The art galleries let artists to display and promote their work in these venues with zeal.

Contemporary art is in vogue. The term contemporary art gallery refers to a commercial gallery intended for private-profit-motive. These galleries are usually spotted agglomerate in large urban areas. For instance: the Saatchi gallery of London is a well known hub of contemporary art world. Contemporary art gallery are also open to the general public without any cost where they can purchase art. Non-for-profit galleries and art-collective galleries are also to be found that directly create opportunities to put on show regularly. Moreover, the artist-run-centre gallery exists on government funds. Art gallery can also be interpreted as the springboard for launching careers for fresh and young artist.

Here is a short list of notable contemporary galleries:
• Mumbai: The Arts Trust – Institute Of Contemporary Indian Art
• London : Saatchi Gallery, Victoria Miro Gallery
• Los Angeles : Paragon Fine Art
• Madrid : Museo De Arte Contemporaneo
• Mexico city : Galleria OMR

Umpteen well-known art galleries exhibit art from all over the continents. Selected and matchless works of African art, American art, Indian art, European are preserved in the art galleries for the coming generations. To promote Art, many art galleries adopt the online mechanism letting people to view their work by sitting at home. Such innovative steps provide opportunities for art aficionados to purchase outstanding the works.

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Photography is way of object that reflects your observations from focus of light. It’s a simple type of object that is created by drawing rays and intensity of light.
This can be done with camera. Camera is a device which helps to capture things on media which can then be converted onto paper of digitized. There are many types of photography accessories like camera, photo cards, Quick Cards ,Canon Camera Rain Cover, Camera Rain Cover, Rain Cover, Nikon Rain Cover, DSLR Rain Cover, Photography Cheat sheets, Photography Cheat Sheets, Photography Guide, Photography Tips, Camera Cheat sheets, Camera Bean Bag, Camera Accessories etc...

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With the new era of digital cameras, photography has become much more common. Almost anyone can afford a camera and most have one. Even many cell phones have a digital camera. While most new cameras are also quite easy to use, there are still many areas in photography where you need to have the knowledge to succeed.

These are some of the most common mistakes made by new digital photographers. If you are an unpracticed photographer, you should try to at least avoid these mistakes.

1. Poor Camera

This is by far the most common mistake these days. Many cheap digital models are only good for either landscape or closeup photographs due to their poor focus. Know your camera: what it can do and what are its limitations. A $200 model should never be used for professional photography.

2. Lighting

Another common mistake is to forget lighting or believe the camera takes care of it all. You will seldom get as good images in dark conditions with a cheap flash than you could in plentiful natural lighting.

3. Cropping

While it is much easier to see what gets in the photo with today's LCD displays than with an old-fashioned seeker, there are still plenty of mistakes you can make. One thing to remember is that you can crop the image on your computer. That means you will most likely want to include too much space around than too little.

4. Zooming

There are so make things that can go wrong with zooming. The number one thing to keep in mind is to always avoid using the digital zoom. It is a feature found in many cheap digital cameras that basically has the same result as cropping the image on your computer. If you need zoom, only use the optical zoom.

5. Camera Settings

If you are not sure about the settings in your camera, it may be best to use the defaults. If there are several modes, the 'auto' mode is usually the easiest to use. You should take care that you use a good format to save the images. Often the high detail mode with the highest resolution should be used, if you are not short on memory.

The bottom line is: if you are serious about photography, you must practice it. Digital photography does not differ much it that sense.

If you do not learn the skills in advance, you are going to have to learn them the hard way, and that will probably mean making these mistakes and more. It can also mean tens or hundreds of lost photos - shots that could have been excellent had you not made a simple mistake.

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If fragrances would be associated to the personalities of their designers, Niki de Saint Phalle perfumes would be independent, resistant and at the same time eccentric, a perfect match of qualities for the adventurers and liberals of the contemporary times. Perhaps, what would characterize and distinct the perfumes from the rest of the numerous designer perfumes out in the market is the colorful and very interesting biography of its designer, Niki de Saint Phalle.

Niki was born to a French couple in 1930. At the onset of the period of Great Depression in the country, the Saint Phalles decided to move to the US in 1933. It was in the US that Niki developed her mind and started seeing the world according to her own perspective. Born with natural physical beauty, Niki grew to become fashion model in her adolescent years. At 16, she was able to make it to the cover of Life magazine and the French edition of Vogue.

At the tender age of 18, Niki eloped with Harry Mathews, a literary author, to flee to Massachusetts. At her young age, Niki was known as a rebellious daughter, always defying the traditional means of living especially the notion that wives should be ruled and dominated by husbands.

In her early years of marriage, after giving birth to two children, it must be onset of postpartum that Niki started being discontented and bothered. She felt like she was the living the conventional lifestyle she resent. Eventually, the thought of resistance and denial led her to a nervous breakdown.

It was that breakdown that Niki was able to land to a practice that would eventually give her a new life, a life that made her establish her own niche and mark. She was encouraged to paint as a form of outlet or a therapy to help her overcome her depression. Niki returned to Paris in her quest to find the best mentors. From there, Niki was able to branch out to different art outlets.

Her works were characterized by the emphasis to different roles women do such as being mothers and wives. Niki started out crafting papier maches and painting them colorfully to create art pieces that would be branded as Niki de Saint Phalle.

Divorcing her first husband, Niki moved in with fellow artist Jean Tinguely, who also later on divorced his own wife to live with and marry Niki. Thus, Niki became a naturalized Swiss citizen.

At the highs and lows of her life, Niki was said to have developed the knack and interest to design and formulate her own line of perfumes. Sources claim that the perfumes were also part of Niki's divergence from the harsh realities of life. Though she strived to live by her own principles of life, Niki never failed to lose the excitement and genuine interest in life, as exuded by the creation of her own Niki de Saint Phalle perfumes.

The next time you buy and use Niki de Saint Phalle perfumes, remember Niki and think of the values and insights she strived to live with.

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You wedding day is one of the most important milestones of your life! You spend a fortune on flowers, stationary, place cards, a gorgeous wedding dress, a make up artist and so much more. Your personality, your style, who you are goes into those details.. maybe you like elegance or maybe you like dots and stripes and lopsided cakes. Whatever, and whoever you like there is a wedding photographer out there for you. There are photographers who shoot in different styles that would do a more adequate job capturing your day the way your envision.

The most popular styles of wedding photography in today's market are...

1. Photojournalism
Photojournalism is the art of capturing moments unobtrusively. Normally you barely know that the photographer is there. He/She normally covers weddings with large telephoto lenses (although not always) and tries not to get in the way of the story as it unfolds. They normally don't like shooting posed family photographs or posed bride and groom photographs preferring to capture moments as they really happen. This style of photography takes mastering. The photographer needs to know their equipment extremely well and it basically needs to be an extension of their body. If you are going to hire a photojournalist make sure that they person has many years of experience as it is a difficult and artistic method of photography.

2. Illustrative
This photography is usually a creative person who loves design and elements of color and texture. This person will pose in new and different ways, maybe laying the bride on the floor or shooting from strange angles. The photography will set up fun posed shots and instead of just posing and shooting they will have the subjects interact together to capture spontaneous moments. This style of photography brings more of the photographer into the photography. This photographer's artistic vision and use of lighting, design elements and texture is more artistic. They do not just wait for things to happen and capture them. They will often makes things happen.

3. Traditional
Although traditional photography still has it's place in the modern photography world it is being pushed aside by more illustrative and photojournilistic styles of shooting. You see more traditional photographers that are older and have been in the industry a long time and have not changed their ways or you will see it in the lower end beginners as it is any easy style of shooting that does not take much creative input. Tradition style photography is posed and can follow a photography list. It is stiffer in it's style and does not allow for mush spontaneity. This is sadly a dying breed. Although most photojournalists and Illustrative photographers still do some posed photography especially during the posed family shots with the bride and groom. So it still has its place.

The best photographer is a photographer that has the ability to shoot photojournilistic and can capture most of the day as quickly and masterfully as a true photojournalist but that will still give you the fun artsy look of an illustrative photographer. Someone that will prompt some fun stuff and still be able to do posed family shots for mom.

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Captured Moments by the Square Inch
by Diana Avergon

Ever think about the last time you were photographed with your mom, took that “playing ball” picture of your black lab or got a close up shot of your newly reconditioned chrome green 1967 VW Bug? Does a special photo come to mind for its beauty,its content or its emotional impact? Would you like to “live into” this special photo and experience it as something that you love? Try painting it... by the square inch.

Here’s how it goes. Select a photo of which you have fond memories. Lay a clear plastic sheet protector over it and make a grid using a ruler and a permanent marker. How many squares are on your grid? Are there 32 or 36 or 40? Whatever the number is, now you will grid a large (12 x 18 “ or larger) sheet of drawing paper, using a ruler and pencil. Make the same number of squares on your drawing paper as you did on your clear grid. Now you can copy, by the square inch, each little square of the photo, by painting it onto the bigger corresponding square on the gridded paper.

Tape your gridded drawing paper onto a hard surface--cardboard or a drawing board.
Mix or select pre-mixed acrylic paints and keep them covered to keep them moist.

It might be helpful to start with the upper left hand square, and the corresponding square on the grid paper. Paint, on the corresponding square on the paper. what you see in the little square covering your photo. Sometimes it is something recognizable, sometimes not. At times, you might want to paint two or more squares at a time. Whatever you do, try to get in touch with the essence of the captured moment in the photo This is going to slow you way down, get you to investigate each corner, sequence and nuance of the photo. You will come to know each square inch.

Plan to spend a month or more--try to work a little each day. Stand back. How do you feel about your painting, the photo,your experience? Did you capture the moment?

The above project is one of many which appear in Packet for Painters, What’s Your Style?, copyright 2007, NASCO. www.eNasco.com/artsandcrafts

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